Money around Michael R. Turner · 5 election cycles on record
Three different things, kept apart on purpose. Direct PAC is money a political action committee gave the campaign committee. Outside spending for is independent expenditures supporting the member (FEC 24E/24C). Outside spending against is independent expenditures opposing them (24A/24F) — often the largest bucket, and it is money spent to defeat the member, so it is never added to the other two.
Direct PAC contributions
$2.8M
to the principal campaign committee, all cycles
Outside spending · for
$7K
independent expenditures supporting
Outside spending · against
$10K
independent expenditures opposing — not support
By election cycle
| Cycle | Direct PAC | Outside · for | Outside · against |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $291K | — | — |
| 2024 | $611K | $2K | — |
| 2022 | $596K | — | $660 |
| 2020 | $699K | $4K | $113 |
| 2018 | $601K | $1K | $9K |
By donor industry · PAC sponsor's industry tag, all cycles
| Industry | Direct PAC | Outside · for | Outside · against | Transactions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uncategorized | $1.4M | — | $9K | 843 |
| defense | $337K | — | — | 195 |
| leadership pac uncategorized | $233K | — | — | 85 |
| technology | $218K | — | — | 93 |
| labor union | $176K | — | — | 72 |
| telecommunications | $96K | — | — | 32 |
| finance | $59K | — | — | 30 |
| real estate | $49K | — | — | 18 |
| single issue israel | $45K | — | — | 31 |
| education | $29K | — | — | 13 |
| energy oil gas | $27K | — | — | 17 |
| transportation | $24K | — | — | 17 |
| healthcare | $20K | — | — | 14 |
| agriculture | $20K | — | — | 10 |
| insurance | $17K | — | — | 6 |
| single issue gun rights | $2K | $763 | — | 3 |
| single issue pro life | — | $7K | — | 9 |
| single issue pro choice | — | — | $121 | 5 |
| single issue gun control | — | — | $861 | 2 |
Source: fec_pac_contributions (FEC bulk pas2, per-transaction, sub_id unique) via get_real_campaign_money / get_real_contributions_by_sector; industry from pac_industry_tags. "uncategorized" = the sponsoring PAC has no industry tag yet. Individual donors are not included.