Money around Edward J. Markey · 5 election cycles on record
Three different things, kept apart on purpose. Direct PAC is money a political action committee gave the campaign committee. Outside spending for is independent expenditures supporting the member (FEC 24E/24C). Outside spending against is independent expenditures opposing them (24A/24F) — often the largest bucket, and it is money spent to defeat the member, so it is never added to the other two.
Direct PAC contributions
$2.0M
to the principal campaign committee, all cycles
Outside spending · for
$4.6M
independent expenditures supporting
Outside spending · against
$1.1M
independent expenditures opposing — not support
By election cycle
| Cycle | Direct PAC | Outside · for | Outside · against |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $481K | $90 | — |
| 2024 | $117K | $42K | — |
| 2022 | $48K | $4K | — |
| 2020 | $1.0M | $4.5M | $1.1M |
| 2018 | $322K | — | — |
By donor industry · PAC sponsor's industry tag, all cycles
| Industry | Direct PAC | Outside · for | Outside · against | Transactions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uncategorized | $883K | $4.0M | — | 529 |
| leadership pac uncategorized | $581K | — | $1.1M | 156 |
| labor union | $189K | $42K | — | 67 |
| technology | $60K | — | — | 23 |
| pharma | $48K | — | — | 25 |
| healthcare | $44K | — | — | 22 |
| telecommunications | $43K | — | — | 25 |
| education | $30K | — | — | 8 |
| transportation | $22K | — | — | 13 |
| real estate | $20K | — | — | 9 |
| finance | $18K | — | — | 9 |
| defense | $17K | — | — | 10 |
| single issue environment | $17K | $7K | — | 31 |
| insurance | $15K | — | — | 10 |
| single issue gun control | $8K | — | — | 4 |
| ideological progressive | $5K | $15K | — | 9 |
| single issue pro choice | $3K | $121 | — | 6 |
| party republican | $2K | — | — | 1 |
| energy oil gas | $1K | — | — | 1 |
| energy utilities | $500 | — | — | 1 |
| party democratic | — | $530K | — | 13 |
Source: fec_pac_contributions (FEC bulk pas2, per-transaction, sub_id unique) via get_real_campaign_money / get_real_contributions_by_sector; industry from pac_industry_tags. "uncategorized" = the sponsoring PAC has no industry tag yet. Individual donors are not included.