Improving Drought Monitoring Act

119 HR 5610 IH: Improving Drought Monitoring Act U.S. House of Representatives 2025-09-26 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. I 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 5610 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES September 26, 2025 Mr. Taylor introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture A BILL To amend the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 to extend the program providing for improvements to the United States Drought Monitor. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Improving Drought Monitoring Act . 2. Improvements to United States Drought Monitor Section 12512(d)(2) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 ( 7 U.S.C. 5856(d)(2) ) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2030 . 3. Drought monitor interagency working group (a) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall establish an interagency working group (referred to in this section as the working group ) to improve the availability of consistent, accurate, and reliable data for use in producing the United States Drought Monitor in accordance with section 12512 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 ( 7 U.S.C. 5856 ). (b) Membership The working group shall consist of not fewer than— (1) 3 representatives from the Department of Agriculture, including 1 representative from each of— (A) the Office of the Chief Economist, who shall serve as the Chair of the working group; (B) the Forest Service; and (C) the Farm Service Agency; (2) 4 representatives from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including 1 representative from each of— (A) the Climate Prediction Center; (B) the National Centers for Environmental Information; (C) the National Integrated Drought Information System; and (D) the National Mesonet Program; (3) 1 representative from the National Drought Mitigation Center; (4) 1 representative from the Department of the Interior; (5) 1 representative from the Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology of the University of Alabama; and (6) 3 representatives from mesonet programs in States— (A) that have experienced severe drought, as determined by the United States Drought Monitor, in not less than 5 calendar years during the period of calendar years 2012 through 2023; and (B) more than 50 percent of the land area of which is designated by the Economic Research Service as a Level 1 frontier and remote area. (c) Duties The working group shall— (1) develop a means for the inclusion of additional in-situ data into the process of developing the United States Drought Monitor, including— (A) determining minimum requirements for data to be included in the United States Drought Monitor; (B) identifying data available from other government agencies, including through portals managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and (C) identifying gaps in coverage and determining solutions to address those gaps; (2) identify and address potential barriers to the use of existing data, including— (A) identifying Federal datasets that would be of immediate use in developing the United States Drought Monitor where access is restricted to some or all authors of the United States Drought Monitor; and (B) developing proposed accommodations, modifications to contractual agreements, or updates to interagency memoranda of understanding to allow for incorporation of datasets identified under subparagraph (A); (3) develop an open and transparent methodology for vetting data products developed using remote sensing or modeling; (4) if determined appropriate by the working group, develop a methodology for inclusion of data that may otherwise be excluded from the United States Drought Monitor due to shorter periods of record; and (5) identify and address any other issues relating to data availability and quality, as determined appropriate by the Chair of the working group. (d) Report Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the working group shall submit a report containing recommendations for changes in policies, regulations, guidance documents, or existing law to meet the objectives described in subsection (c) to— (1) the Secretary of Agriculture; (2) the Secretary of Commerce; (3) the Secretary of the Interior; (4) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; (5) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; (6) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and (7) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives. (e) Action by Secretary Not later than 180 days after the date of submission of the report under subsection (d), the Secretary of Agriculture, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior, shall incorporate, to the extent practicable, the recommendations of the working group to improve the United States Drought Monitor in accordance with section 12512 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 ( 7 U.S.C. 5856 ). (f) Termination The working group shall terminate on the date that is 90 days after the date on which the report is submitted under subsection (d). 4. Alignment of Farm Service Agency and Forest Service drought response (a) In general Not later than 60 days after the date of submission of the report under section 3(d), the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency and the Chief of the Forest Service shall enter into a memorandum of understanding to better align drought response activities of the Farm Service Agency and the Forest Service (referred to in this section as the agencies ). (b) Contents The memorandum of understanding entered into under subsection (a) shall include— (1) a commitment to better align practices of the agencies with respect to determining the severity of regional drought conditions; (2) a strategy for amending those determinations to ensure consistent policy with respect to drought response in cases where the agencies are making inconsistent determinations within the same spatial scale; (3) an agreement to utilize, to the extent practicable, the United States Drought Monitor in making those determinations; and (4) an agreement to provide consistent information to grazing permittees, operators, and other stakeholders affected by determinations relating to drought.